Tapered replacement spindle and seal ring assemblies

ABSTRACT

A tractor or trailer axle replacement spindle and seal ring assembly includes a spindle with an elongate cylindrical body having bearing surfaces and threads. The seal ring is a shorter cylindrical component having an opening sized to achieve an interference fit with the spindle. The exterior surface of the spindle and the interior surface of the ring seal include complementary oblique, shoulders bounded by regions of constant diameter. The spindle also includes a shoulder or flange at its end opposite the threads which positively axially locates the seal ring thereon. When the two components are to be assembled, the seal ring is heated to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit and slid onto the spindle until the seal ring contacts the shoulder or flange on the spindle.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This patent application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 15/939,931 filed Mar. 29, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No.10,828,935 granted Nov. 10, 2020.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to replacement spindle and seal ringassemblies for installation in tractor and trailer axles and moreparticularly to replacement spindle and seal ring assemblies for tractorand trailer axles having complementarily tapered outer and innersurfaces.

BACKGROUND

The statements in this section merely provide background informationrelated to the present disclosure and may or may not constitute priorart.

My U.S. Pat. No. 6,024,418 granted on Feb. 15, 2000 relates to an earlyaxle spindle assembly and method for repairing axles of tractors andtrailers. The spindle assembly comprised an elongate spindle and asleeve or liner which was received in the open end of the axle fromwhich a damaged portion had been removed. The sleeve or liner isassembled on the spindle and this assembly is inserted into the axle andsecured by welds including plug welds extending through the axle andinto the liner. This two piece assembly was necessary because onespindle diameter was utilized with one of a plurality of differentdiameter sleeves or liners to accommodate different axle diameters—thealternative being a plurality of specific sizes of spindle and linerassemblies that would greatly increase parts inventory and manufacturingexpense.

In order to facilitate both ready installation of the replacementspindle in the axle and ensure an optimally secure fit, it was suggestedthat the axle be heated before the replacement spindle and liner wereinstalled. Over time, the benefits of a heated, interference fit betweenthe spindle and the liner were acknowledged and appreciated.Subsequently, the outside diameter of the spindle and the insidediameter of the liner of an assembly were sized to provide aninterference fit of several thousandths of an inch. In order to assemblethem, the liner was heated several hundred degrees Fahrenheit and slidinto position on the spindle where it rapidly cooled and became lodged.

While this interference fit provided a remarkably secure connectionbetween the spindle and the liner, an error during assembly could causethe liner to secure itself to the spindle in an incorrect axial positionor skewed orientation. Re-heating only the liner in order to expand itand re-position it on the spindle, without heating and expanding thespindle, proved to be exceedingly difficult. Stated somewhatdifferently, once the liner cooled and contracted about the spindle, itwas generally acknowledged that nothing short of sawing the liner intotwo pieces would accomplish its removal from the spindle.

Thus, I sought to develop a structure and method which would provide thebenefits of an interference fit between the spindle and associatedcomponents without the assembly issues currently experienced.

SUMMARY

The present invention provides a tractor or trailer axle replacementspindle and seal ring assembly having complementarily tapered portionsand an interference fit which can be heated and readily, accurately andcorrectly assembled. The spindle is an elongate cylinder with bearingsurfaces and a threaded end. The seal ring is a shorter cylindricalcomponent having a circular opening sized to achieve an interference fitwith the spindle. The exterior surface of the spindle and the interiorsurface of the seal ring include complementary oblique shoulders orsurfaces. Extending away from each of the oblique steps or surfaces ofthe spindle and seal ring are regions of constant diameter. The spindlealso includes a shoulder or flange at its end opposite the threads whichpositively axially locates or positions the seal ring thereon. When thetwo components are to be assembled, the seal ring is heated to severalhundred degrees Fahrenheit and slid onto the spindle until it contactsthe shoulder or flange of the spindle. The oblique surfaces orshoulders, however, do not contact one another. The seal ring rapidlycools and a tight interference fit is established between the seal ringand the spindle. The spindle assembly is then inserted into an open endof the axle and secured there by circular welds between the axle and theseal ring as well as one or more plug welds between the axle and theinner end of the seal ring.

Thus it is an aspect of the present invention to provide an improvedreplacement spindle and seal ring assembly for tractor and traileraxles.

It is a further aspect of the present invention to provide an improvedreplacement spindle and seal ring assembly for tractor and trailer axleshaving an interference fit between the replacement spindle and sealring.

It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide animproved replacement spindle and seal ring assembly for tractor andtrailer axles having an oblique shoulder on the outside surface of thespindle and the inside surface of the seal ring.

It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide animproved replacement spindle and seal ring assembly for tractor andtrailer axles having an oblique shoulder on the outside surface of thespindle which is disposed between two regions of constant diameter.

It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide animproved replacement spindle and seal ring assembly for tractor andtrailer axles having an oblique shoulder on the inside surface of theseal ring which is disposed between two regions of constant diameter.

It is a still further aspect of the present invention to provide animproved replacement spindle and seal ring assembly for tractor andtrailer axles having a shoulder which limits axial translation of theseal ring.

Further aspects, advantages and areas of applicability will becomeapparent from the description provided herein. It should be understoodthat the description and specific examples are intended for purposes ofillustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the presentdisclosure.

DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and arenot intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

FIG. 1 is a full, sectional view of a first embodiment of a replacementspindle and seal ring assembly according to the present inventionmounted in an axle;

FIG. 2 is a side, elevational view of a first embodiment of areplacement spindle according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a full, sectional view of a first embodiment of a seal ringaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is full, sectional view of a second embodiment of a replacementspindle and seal ring assembly according to the present inventionmounted in an axle;

FIG. 5 is a full, sectional view of a second embodiment of a seal ringaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a full, sectional view of a third embodiment of a replacementspindle, seal ring and liner assembly according to the present inventionmounted in an axle;

FIG. 7 is a side, elevational view of a third embodiment of areplacement spindle according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a full, sectional view of a third embodiment of a seal ringaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a full, sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a replacementspindle, seal ring and liner assembly according to the present inventionmounted in an axle;

FIG. 10 is a side, elevational view of a fourth embodiment of areplacement spindle according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a full, sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a seal ringaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a full, sectional view of a fifth embodiment of a replacementspindle and seal ring assembly according to the present inventionmounted in an axle; and

FIG. 13 a substantially full, sectional view of sixth embodiment of areplacement spindle and seal ring assembly according to the presentinvention mounted in an axle.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is notintended, and should not be construed, to limit the present disclosure,application, or uses in any way.

With reference to FIG. 1, a repaired and functional tractor or driveaxle spindle assembly incorporating the present invention is illustratedand generally designated by the reference number 10. The functionaldrive axle spindle assembly 10 includes a terminal adjacent portion ofthe vehicle axle 12 which includes a brake flange 14 to which vehiclebrake components (not illustrated) are attached and a first embodimentof a replacement spindle assembly 20. In accordance with proceduresdescribed in my above-referenced patent, a worn or damaged end portion(not illustrated) of the vehicle axle 12, typically including at leastboth inner and outer bearing surfaces and the threaded terminal portion,has been removed and an end surface 16 of the vehicle axle 12 has beenmachined or ground to a reasonably smooth chamfered finish, having anangle of between approximately 20 and 25 degrees to the axle axis, andpreferably 22.5 degrees.

Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, the first embodiment of a replacementspindle assembly 20 includes an elongate, cylindrical spindle 22 and anannular seal ring 24 which fits on and achieves an interference fit withthe spindle 22. The spindle 22 defines a first (outer) end portion orregion 30, an intermediate portion or region 40 and a second (inner) endportion or region 50. The elongate, cylindrical spindle 22 ispreferably, though not necessarily, hollow and defines a through axialopening or passageway 26. Such an opening or passageway 26 isadvantageous in that it achieves significant weight reduction relativeto a solid spindle. Moreover, if the axle 12 is a drive axle of atractor, it will necessarily be hollow to receive a drive shaft (notillustrated).

The first end portion or region 30 include male threads 32 at itsterminus, a first, outer bearing surface 34 and an axially spaced apartsecond, inner bearing surface 36. Generally speaking, and as illustratedin FIGS. 1 and 2, the diameter of the outer bearing surface 34 issmaller than the diameter of the inner bearing surface 36. Certainaxles, however, have inner and outer bearing surfaces of the samediameter and it should be understood that the present invention isequally suitable for use with both configurations.

The intermediate portion or region 40 of the spindle 22 preferablyincludes three distinct regions or surfaces. A first, tapered orfrusto-conical center region or surface 42 has a first, smallestdiameter at its end more proximate the first end portion 30 of thespindle 22 and a second, largest diameter at its end more proximate thesecond end portion 50 of the spindle 22. The taper is slight,significantly less than 1 degree, and amounts to between approximately0.001 to 0.003 inches per axial inch. (A taper of 0.0035 inches per inchis an angle of 0.2 degrees or 12 minutes.) The frusto-conical centersurface 42 may merge with or be bounded at both ends by two annularbands or surfaces of constant diameter. At the end of the frusto-conicalcenter region or surface 42 proximate the first end portion 30 of thespindle 22 may be a first annular band or surface 44 having a diameterequal to the smallest diameter of the frusto-conical center surface 42.At the end of the frusto-conical center region or surface 42 proximatethe second end portion 50 of the spindle 22 may be a second annular bandor surface 46 having a diameter equal to the largest diameter of thefrusto-conical center surface 42.

It should be appreciated and understood, first of all, that the firstand second annular surfaces 44 and 46 exist primarily to facilitateaccurate measurement of the diameters of the adjacent ends of thefrusto-conical center surface 42 and thus that they are optionalfeatures of the spindle 22 and, second of all, that the widths of thesurfaces 42, 44 and 46 may vary widely. For example, and notwithstandingthe configuration of the spindle 22 illustrated in FIG. 2, one or bothof the surfaces 44 and 46, if included, may occupy greater axial length,with the center surface 42 occupying a smaller center region or viceversa.

The second annular surface 46 is also adjacent the second end portion orregion 50 of the spindle 22 which may include a shoulder or flange 52.If included, the shoulder or flange 52 preferably extendscircumferentially around the spindle 22 and functions as an axial stopor travel limit for the seal ring 24, as will be explained subsequently.In the first embodiment, the shoulder or flange 52 represents the innerterminus of the spindle 22.

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, the seal ring 24 is received on thespindle 22 and facilitates secure installation of the spindle 22 in thevehicle axle 12. The seal ring 24 defines a short annular or cylindricalbody 56 having an enlarged diameter region or collar 58 at one end. Acircumferential surface 60 of the collar 58 provides an oil seal surfacewhich is contacted by an elastomeric seal (not illustrated) disposed onthe wheel hub (also not illustrated) which seals in lubricant and sealsout contaminants and foreign matter. The collar 58 also includes anoblique surface 62 oriented at an angle of between approximately 20 and25 degrees and preferably at 22.5 degrees. The seal ring 24 includes athrough opening 64 which defines three distinct regions or surfaceswhich are complementary to the three distinct regions or surfaces on theintermediate portion or region 40 of the spindle 22. As such, itincludes a tapered or frusto-conical center region or surface 66 havingits smallest diameter proximate the collar 58 of the seal ring 24 andits largest diameter distant the collar 58.

At the end of the frusto-conical center surface 66 proximate the collar58 may be a first, smaller annulus or band 68 of constant diameter thesame as the diameter of the adjacent end of the frusto-conical centersurface 66. At the end of the frusto-conical center surface 66 distantthe collar 58 may be a second, larger annulus or band 70 of constantdiameter the same as the diameter of the adjacent end of thefrusto-conical center surface 66. In FIG. 3, the angle of the taper ofthe center surface 66 has been enhanced to improve the clarity of andfacilitate understanding of this feature of the invention. The axiallength of the center surface 66, its taper angle and the axial lengthsof the bands 68 and 70 are identical to the axial length and taper angleof the frusto-conical center surface 42 of the spindle 22 and the axiallengths of the annular surfaces 44 and 46 such that the respectivesurfaces align when the seal ring 24 is positioned on the spindle 22.

Again, it should be appreciated and understood, first of all, that thefirst and second annuli 68 and 70 exist primarily to facilitate accuratemeasurement of the diameters of the adjacent ends of the frusto-conicalcenter surface 66 and thus that they are an optional feature of the sealring 24 and, second of all, that the widths (axial lengths) of thecenter surface 66 and the first and second annuli 68 and 70 may varywidely, but must, of course, respectively be identical to the widths(axial lengths) of the frusto-conical surface 42 and the annularsurfaces 44 and 46 of the spindle 22. For example, and notwithstandingthe configuration of the seal ring 24 illustrated in FIG. 3, one or bothof the annuli 68 and 70, if included, may occupy greater axial length,with the center surface 66 occupying a smaller (narrower) center regionor vice versa.

In order to achieve a suitable interference fit after heating andassembly, the frusto-conical center surface 66 and the first and secondannuli 68 and 70 of the seal ring 24 will typically and preferablydefine diameters between approximately 0.004 and 0.006 inches smallerthan their mating tapered and annular surfaces 42, 44 and 46 of thespindle 22, or, stated oppositely, the frusto-conical surface 42 and theannular surfaces 44 and 46 of the spindle 22 will typically andpreferably define diameters between 0.004 and 0.006 inches larger thanthe center surface 66 and the first and second annuli 68 and 70 of theseal ring 24 before assembly.

Upon installation into the vehicle axle 12 which may be bored toaccommodate the spindle 22, a groove weld 78 is disposed between the endsurface 16 of the vehicle axle 12 and the oblique surface 62 of thecollar 58 of the seal ring 24. Also, one, a pair of horizontallyopposed, i.e., located at 9:00 o'clock and 3:00 o'clock, or a pluralityof plug welds 82, one of which is illustrated in FIG. 1, extend throughthe vehicle axle 12 and into the seal ring 24 to further secure thespindle assembly 20 into the vehicle axle 12.

Referring now to FIG. 4, a second embodiment of a replacement spindleassembly mounted and secured in an axle is illustrated and generallydesignated by the reference number 100. Once again, the axle and spindleassembly 100 includes a terminal adjacent portion of a vehicle axle 102which includes a brake flange 104 to which brake components (notillustrated) are attached and a replacement spindle assembly 110. Thesecond embodiment replacement spindle assembly 110 is generally similarto the first embodiment spindle assembly 20 except that a larger sealring is utilized to accommodate and better match a larger axle. Onceagain, a worn or damaged end portion (not illustrated) of the vehicleaxle 102 has been removed and an end surface 106 of the vehicle axle 102has been machined or ground to a reasonably smooth chamfered finishdisposed at an angle of between approximately 20 and 25 degrees andpreferably 22.5 degrees.

Referring now to FIGS. 2, 4 and 5, the second embodiment replacementspindle assembly 110 includes the elongate, cylindrical spindle 22described above with reference to FIG. 2 and a second embodiment of anannular seal ring 112 which fits over and achieves an interference fiton the spindle 22. The elongate spindle 22 defines the first (outer) endportion or region 30, the intermediate portion or region 40 and thesecond (inner) end portion or region 50. Given considerations of weightand material savings, whether the spindle 22 is associated with atractor axle or a trailer axle, it will preferably be fabricated withthe through opening or passageway 26.

As described above, the spindle 22 includes the first end portion 30having the male threads 32 at its terminus, the first, outer bearingsurface 34 and the axially spaced apart second, inner bearing surface36. As also stated above, while the diameter of the outer bearingsurface 34 illustrated is smaller than the diameter of the inner bearingsurface 36, it should be understood that the present invention may beutilized with axle configurations having inner and outer bearingsurfaces of the same diameter.

The intermediate portion or region 40 of the spindle 22 may includethree distinct regions or surfaces: the frusto-conical center region orsurface 42 having the first, smallest diameter at the end proximate thefirst end portion 30 of the spindle 22 and the second, largest diameterat the end proximate the second end portion 50 of the spindle 22. Thetaper amounts to between approximately 0.001 and 0.003 inches per axialinch, which, as noted above, is an angle of 0.2 degrees or 12 minutesfor a taper of 0.0035 inches per inch. The frusto-conical center surface42 smoothly merges with and may be bounded at its end proximate thefirst end portion 30 of the spindle 22 by the first annular surface orband 44 having a diameter equal to the smallest diameter of thefrusto-conical surface 42 and at its end proximate the second endportion 50 of the spindle 22 by the second annular surface or band 46having a diameter equal to the largest diameter of the frusto-conicalcenter surface 42.

Again, it should be understood that the first and second annularsurfaces 44 and 46 exist primarily to facilitate accurate measurement ofthe diameters of the adjacent ends of the frusto-conical center surface42. Thus they are optional. Moreover, the widths of the surfaces 42, 44and 46 may vary widely. For example, and notwithstanding theconfiguration of the spindle 22 illustrated in FIG. 2, one or both ofthe surfaces 44 and 46, if included, may occupy greater axial length,with the center surface 42 occupying a smaller (narrower) center regionor vice versa.

The second annular surface 46 is adjacent the second end portion orregion 50 of the spindle 22 which may include the shoulder or flange 52.If present, the shoulder or flange 52 preferably extends fully aroundthe spindle 22 and acts as an axial stop or translation limit for theseal ring 112.

Referring now to FIG. 5, the seal ring 112 defines a short annular orcylindrical body 120 having a reduced diameter region or inset shoulder122 at one end. The reduced diameter region or inset shoulder 122provides an oil seal surface which is contacted by an elastomeric seal(not illustrated) disposed on the wheel hub (also not illustrated) whichseals in lubricant and seals out contaminants and foreign matter. Theseal ring 112 includes a through opening 128 which defines a threeregion surface which is complementary to the intermediate portion orregion 30 of the spindle 22. As such, it includes a tapered orfrusto-conical center region or surface 132 having its smallest diameterregion proximate the shoulder 122 of the seal ring 112 and its largestdiameter region distant the shoulder 122.

At the end of the center region or surface 132 proximate the shoulder122 may be a first, smaller annulus or band 134 of constant diameterwhich is the same diameter as the adjacent end of the center region orsurface 132. At the end of the center region or surface 132 distant thecollar 122 may be a second, larger annulus or band 136 of constantdiameter which is the same diameter as the adjacent end of the centerregion or surface 132. In FIG. 5, the angle of the taper of the centersurface 132 has been enhanced to improve the clarity of and facilitateunderstanding of this feature of the invention. The axial length of thecenter region or surface 132, its taper angle and the axial lengths ofthe bands 134 and 136 are identical to the axial length and taper angleof the center surface 42 of the spindle 22 and the axial lengths of theannular surfaces 44 and 46 such that the respective surfaces align whenthe seal ring 112 is positioned on the spindle 22.

Again, it should be appreciated that the first and second annuli 134 and136 exist primarily to facilitate accurate measurement of the diametersof the adjacent ends of the frusto-conical center surface 132 and thusthat they are optional. Furthermore, the widths (axial lengths) of thecenter surface 132 and the first and second annuli 134 and 136 may varywidely, but must, of course, respectively be identical to the widths(axial lengths) of the frusto-conical surface 42 and the annularsurfaces 44 and 46 of the spindle 22. For example, and notwithstandingthe configuration of the seal ring 112 illustrated in FIG. 5, the annuli134 and 136 may occupy greater axial length, with the center surface 132occupying a smaller (narrower) center region or vice versa.

In order to achieve a suitable interference fit after heating andassembly, the frusto-conical center surface 132 and the first and secondannuli 134 and 136 of the seal ring 112 will typically and preferablydefine diameters between approximately 0.004 and 0.006 inches smallerthan their mating annular surfaces 44 and 46 of the spindle 22, or,stated oppositely, the frusto-conical surface 42 and the annularsurfaces 44 and 46 of the spindle 22 will typically and preferablydefine diameters between approximately 0.004 and 0.006 inches largerthan the frusto-conical center surface 132 and the first and secondannuli 134 and 136 of the seal ring 112 before assembly.

Upon installation into the vehicle axle 102 which may be bored toaccommodate the spindle 22, a fillet weld 142 is disposed between theend surface 106 of the vehicle axle 102 and a region adjacent andinboard of the reduced diameter shoulder 122 of the seal ring 112. Also,one, a pair of horizontally opposed, i.e., located at 9:00 o'clock and3:00 o'clock, or a plurality of plug welds 144, one of which isillustrated in FIG. 4, extend through the axle 102 and into the sealring 112 to further secure the spindle assembly 110 into the vehicleaxle 102.

Referring now to FIG. 6, a third embodiment of a replacement spindleassembly mounted and secured in an axle is illustrated and generallydesignated by the reference number 200. The axle and spindle assembly200 includes a terminal adjacent portion of a trailer axle 202 whichincludes a brake spider plate 204 to which trailer brake components (notillustrated) are attached and a replacement spindle assembly 210. Thethird embodiment of the replacement spindle assembly 200 is generallysimilar to the first embodiment 20 except that it is typically utilizedwith a trailer axle, includes a pair of liners and utilizes plug weldsdisposed behind the brake spider plate 204. Also once again, a worn ordamaged end portion (not illustrated) of the axle 202 has been removedand an end surface 206 of the trailer axle 202 has been machined orground to a reasonably smooth chamfered finish disposed at an angle ofbetween approximately 20 and 25 degrees and preferably 22.5 degrees.

Referring now to FIGS. 6, 7 and 8, the third embodiment of thereplacement spindle assembly 200 includes an elongate, cylindricalspindle 212 and an annular seal ring 214 which fits over and achieves aninterference fit on the spindle 212. The elongate spindle 212, as doesthe first embodiment spindle 22, defines a first end portion or region230, an intermediate portion or region 240 and a second end portion orregion 250. Given considerations of weight and material savings,although the spindle 212 is associated with a trailer axle 202, it willpreferably be fabricated with a through opening or passageway 216. Inorder to retain wheel bearing lubricant proximate the end of the spindle212, a resilient, elastomeric plug 218 may be disposed in a recess atthe end of the spindle 212.

The third embodiment spindle 212 includes the first end portion 230having male threads 232 at its terminus, a first, outer bearing surface234 and an axially spaced apart second, inner bearing surface 236. Asstated above, while the diameter of the outer bearing surface 234illustrated is smaller than the diameter of the inner bearing surface236, it should be understood that the present invention may be utilizedwith axle configurations having inner and outer bearing surfaces of thesame diameter.

The intermediate portion or region 240 of the spindle 212 may includethree distinct regions or surfaces: a frusto-conical center region orsurface 242 having a first, smallest diameter at the end proximate thefirst end portion 230 of the spindle 212 and a second, largest diameterat the end proximate the second end portion 250 of the spindle 212. Thetaper amounts to between approximately .001 and .003 inches per axialinch. The frusto-conical center surface 242 smoothly merges with and maybe bounded at its end proximate the first end portion 230 of the spindle212 by a first annular surface or band 244 having a diameter equal tothe smallest diameter of the frusto-conical surface 242 and at its endproximate the second end portion 250 of the spindle 212 by a secondannular surface or band 246 having a diameter equal to the largestdiameter of the frusto-conical center surface 242.

Again, it should be understood that the first and second annularsurfaces 244 and 246 exist primarily to facilitate accurate measurementof the diameters of the adjacent ends of the frusto-conical centersurface 242. Thus they are optional. Moreover, the widths of thesurfaces 242, 244 and 246 may vary widely. For example, andnotwithstanding the configuration of the spindle 212 illustrated in FIG.7, one or both of the surfaces 244 and 246, if included, may occupygreater axial length, with the center surface 242 occupying a smaller(narrower) center region or vice versa.

The second annular surface 246 is adjacent the second end portion orregion 250 of the spindle 212 which may include a shoulder or flange252. If present, the shoulder or flange 252 preferably extends fullyaround the spindle 212 and acts as an axial stop or translation limitfor the annular seal ring 214.

Referring now to FIGS. 6 and 8, the annular seal ring 214 defines ashort annular or cylindrical body 260 having a reduced diameter regionor inset shoulder 264 at one end. The reduced diameter region or insetshoulder 264 of the seal ring 214 provides an oil seal surface which iscontacted by an elastomeric seal (not illustrated) disposed on the wheelhub (also not illustrated) which seals in lubricant and seals outcontaminants and foreign matter. The seal ring 214 also includes anoblique surface 266 oriented at between approximately 20 and 25 degreesand preferably at 22.5 degrees. The seal ring 214 includes a throughopening 268 which may define a three region surface which iscomplementary to the intermediate portion or region 240 of the trailerspindle 212. As such, it includes a tapered or frusto-conical centerregion or surface 272 having its smallest diameter region proximate thereduced diameter region 264 and its largest diameter region proximatethe oblique surface 266.

At the end of the center region or surface 272 proximate the reduceddiameter region 264 may be a first, smaller annulus or band of constantdiameter 274 and at the end of the center region or surface 272proximate the oblique surface 266 may be a second, larger annulus orband of constant diameter 276. As previously noted, in FIG. 8, the angleof the taper of the center surface 272 has been enhanced to improve theclarity of and facilitate understanding of this feature of theinvention. The axial length of the center surface 272, its taper angleand the axial lengths of the annuli or bands 274 and 276 are identicalto the axial length and taper angle of the center surface 242 of thespindle 212 and the axial lengths of the annular surfaces 244 and 246such that the respective surfaces align when the annular seal ring 214is positioned on the spindle 212. In this regard, note that the annulusor band 276 is narrower than the corresponding feature of, for example,the seal ring 24 illustrated in FIG. 3, but that its width matches thenarrow second annular surface 246 on the spindle 212.

Again, it should be understood that the first and second annuli 274 and276 are included primarily to facilitate accurate measurement of thediameters of the adjacent ends of the frusto-conical center surface 272.Thus they are optional. Furthermore, the relative widths (axial lengths)of the center surface 272 and the first and second annuli 274 and 276may vary widely, but must, of course, be identical, respectively, to thewidths (axial lengths) of the frusto-conical surface 242 and the annularsurfaces 244 and 246 of the spindle 212. For example, andnotwithstanding the configuration of the seal ring 214 illustrated inFIG. 8, if one or both of the annuli 274 and 276 are utilized, they mayoccupy greater axial length, with the frusto-conical center surface 272occupying a smaller (narrower) center region or vice versa.

In order to achieve a suitable interference fit after heating andassembly, the frusto-conical center surface 272 and the first and secondannuli 274 and 276 of the seal ring 214 will typically and preferablydefine diameters between approximately 0.004 and 0.006 inches smallerthan their mating frusto-conical center surface 242 and the annularsurfaces 244 and 246 of the trailer spindle 212, or, stated oppositely,the frusto-conical center surface 242 and the annular surfaces 244 and246 of the trailer spindle 212 will typically and preferably definediameters between approximately 0.004 and 0.006 inches larger than thefrusto-conical center surface 272 and the first and second annuli 274and 276 of the seal ring 214 before assembly.

Upon installation into the axle 202 which may be bored to accommodate apair of axially spaced apart sleeves or liners 282 disposed about thetrailer spindle 212, a groove weld 292 is disposed between the endsurface 206 of the vehicle axle 202 and the oblique surface 266 of thecollar 262 of the annular seal ring 214. Also, one, a pair ofhorizontally opposed, i.e., located at 9:00 o'clock and 3:00 o'clock, ora plurality of plug welds 294, one of which is illustrated in FIG. 6,extend through the axle 202 and into one of the sleeves or liners 282 tofurther secure the spindle assembly 210 into the vehicle axle 202.

Referring now to FIG. 9, a fourth embodiment of a replacement spindleassembly mounted and secured in an axle is illustrated and generallydesignated by the reference number 300. The axle and spindle assembly300 includes a terminal adjacent portion of a trailer axle 202 whichincludes the brake spider 204 to which trailer brake components (notillustrated) are attached and a replacement spindle assembly 310. Thefourth embodiment of the replacement spindle assembly 310 is generallysimilar to the third embodiment replacement spindle assembly 210 exceptthat it utilizes a shorter spindle, a single liner and a fillet weldadjacent the seal ring rather than a groove weld. Once again, a worn ordamaged end portion (not illustrated) of the axle 202 has been removedand an end surface 206 of the trailer axle 202 has been machined orground to a reasonably smooth chamfered finish disposed at an angle ofbetween approximately 20 and 25 degrees and preferably 22.5 degrees.

Referring now to FIGS. 9, 10 and 11, the fourth embodiment of thereplacement spindle assembly 310 includes an elongate, cylindricalspindle 312 and an annular seal ring 314 which fits over and achieves aninterference fit with the spindle 312. The fourth embodiment spindle312, as does the first embodiment spindle 22, defines a first endportion or region 330, an intermediate portion or region 340 and asecond end portion or region 350. Given considerations of weight andmaterial savings, although the spindle 312 is typically associated withthe trailer axle 202, it will preferably be fabricated with a throughopening or passageway 316. In order to retain wheel bearing lubricantproximate the end of the spindle 312, a resilient, elastomeric plug 318may be disposed in a recess at the end of the spindle 312.

The fourth embodiment spindle 312 includes a first end portion 330having male threads 332 at its terminus, a first, outer bearing surface334 and an axially spaced apart second, inner bearing surface 336. Asstated above, while the diameter of the outer bearing surface 334illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10 is smaller than the diameter of the innerbearing surface 336, it should be understood that the present inventionmay be utilized with axle configurations having inner and outer bearingsurfaces of the same diameter.

The intermediate portion or region 340 of the spindle 312 may includethree distinct regions or surfaces: the frusto-conical center region orsurface 342 having a first, smallest diameter at the end proximate thefirst end portion 330 of the spindle 312 and a second, largest diameterat the end proximate the second end portion 350 of the spindle 312. Thetaper amounts to between approximately 0.001 and 0.003 inches per axialinch. The frusto-conical center surface 342 smoothly merges with and maybe bounded at its end proximate the first end portion 330 of the spindle312 by a first annular surface or band 344 having a diameter equal tothe smallest diameter of the frusto-conical surface 342 and at its endproximate the second end portion 350 of the spindle 312 by a secondannular surface or band 346 having a diameter equal to the largestdiameter of the frusto-conical center surface 342.

Again, it should be understood that the first and second annularsurfaces 344 and 346 are incorporated primarily to facilitate accuratemeasurement of the diameters of the adjacent ends of the frusto-conicalcenter surface 342. Thus they are optional. Moreover, the widths (axiallengths) of the surfaces 342, 344 and 346 may vary widely. For example,and notwithstanding the configuration of the third embodiment spindle312 illustrated in FIG. 10, one or both of the surfaces 344 and 346, ifincluded, may occupy greater axial length, with the frusto-conicalcenter surface 342 occupying a smaller (narrower) center region or viceversa.

The second annular surface 346 is adjacent the second end portion orregion 350 of the spindle 312 and may include a shoulder of flange 352.If included, the shoulder or flange 352 preferably extends fully(circumferentially) around the spindle 312 and acts as an axial stop ortranslation limit for the annular seal ring 314.

Referring now to FIGS. 9 and 11, the annular seal ring 314 defines ashort annular or cylindrical body 360 having a reduced diameter regionor inset shoulder 362 at one end. The reduced diameter region or insetshoulder 362 of the seal ring 314, as noted above, provides an oil sealsurface which is contacted by an elastomeric seal (not illustrated)disposed on the wheel hub (also not illustrated) which seals inlubricant and seals out contaminants and foreign matter. The annularseal ring 314 includes a through opening 368 which may define a threeregion surface which is complementary to the intermediate portion orregion 340 of the spindle 312. As such, it includes a tapered orfrusto-conical center region or surface 372 having its smallest diameterregion proximate the reduced diameter region 362 of the seal ring 314and its largest diameter region distant the reduced diameter region 362.

At the end of the frusto-conical center region or surface 372 proximatethe reduced diameter region 362 of the seal ring 314 may be a first,smaller annulus or band 374 of constant diameter having the samediameter as the adjacent smallest diameter region of the frusto-conicalcenter region or surface 372. At the end of the frusto-conical centerregion or surface 372 distant the reduced diameter region 362 may be asecond, larger annulus or band 376 of constant diameter having the samediameter as the adjacent largest diameter region of the frusto-conicalcenter region or surface 372. Again, in FIG. 11, the angle of the taperof the frusto-conical center surface 372 has been enhanced to improvethe clarity of and facilitate understanding of this feature of theinvention. The axial length of the center surface 372, its taper angleand the axial lengths of the annuli or bands 374 and 376 are identicalto the axial length and taper angle of the center surface 342 of thespindle 312 and the axial lengths of the annular surfaces 344 and 346such that the respective surfaces align when the annular seal ring 314is positioned on the spindle 312. Note once again, that the secondannulus or band 376 is both narrower than, for example, the firstembodiment seal ring annulus 70 and that it is the same width as thesecond annular surface or band 346 on the spindle 312.

Again, it should be appreciated that the first and second annuli 374 and376 are included primarily to facilitate accurate measurement of thediameters of the adjacent ends of the frusto-conical center surface 372and thus that they are optional. Furthermore, the relative widths (axiallengths) of the center surface 372 and the first and second annuli 374and 376 may vary widely, but must, of course, be identical,respectively, to the widths (axial lengths) of the frusto-conicalsurface 342 and the annular surfaces 344 and 346 of the spindle 312. Forexample, and notwithstanding the configuration of the seal ring 314illustrated in FIG. 11, if included, one or both of the annuli 374 and376 may occupy greater axial length, with the frusto-conical centersurface 372 occupying a smaller (narrower) center region or vice versa.

In order to achieve a suitable interference fit after heating andassembly, the frusto-conical center surface 372 and the first and secondannuli 374 and 376 of the seal ring 314 will typically and preferablydefine diameters between approximately 0.004 and 0.006 inches smallerthan their complementary (mating) frusto-conical surface 342 and theannular surfaces 344 and 346 of the trailer spindle 312, or, statedoppositely, the frusto-conical surface 342 and the annular surfaces 344and 346 of the trailer spindle 312 will typically and preferably definediameters between approximately 0.004 and 0.006 inches larger than thefrusto-conical surface 372 and the first and second annuli 374 and 376of the annular seal ring 314 before assembly.

Upon installation into the axle 202 which may be bored to accommodate asingle sleeve or liner 382 disposed about the spindle 312, a fillet weld394 is disposed between the end surface 206 of the vehicle axle 202 andthe outer surface of the seal ring 314 adjacent the region 362. Also,one, a pair of horizontally opposed, i.e., located at 9:00 o'clock and3:00 o'clock, or a plurality of plug welds 396, one of which isillustrated in FIG. 9, extend through the vehicle axle 202 and into thesleeve or liner 382 to further secure the spindle assembly 310 into thevehicle axle 202.

A brief description of the assembly and installation of the replacementspindle assemblies 20, 110, 210 and 310 described herein follows. Asstated previously, the repair procedure commences with the removal of adamaged or worn portion of a tractor or trailer axle (not illustrated)which will typically include either or both of the threaded end andbearing surfaces. The end of the axle such as the axle 12, 102 or 202illustrated in FIGS. 1, 4, 6 and 9 is then trimmed, machined or groundto a chamfered surface having an angle of approximately 22.5 degrees orslightly more or less. Openings for the plug welds may be made at thistime. The correct replacement tractor or trailer spindle, the seal ringand liner(s), if necessary, are selected. The seal ring 24, 112, 214 or314 is then uniformly heated with a propane or similar torch to severalhundred degrees Fahrenheit.

So heated and having enlarged several thousandths of an inch indiameter, the seal ring 24, 112, 214 or 314 may readily be placed on theend of the associated spindle 22, 212 or 312 and slid or translateduntil the complementary pairs of frusto-conical surfaces 42 and 66 or132, 242 and 272 and 342 and 372 align. If the spindle 22, 212 or 312includes the flange or shoulder 52, 142, 252 or 352, the seal ring 24,112, 214 or 314 may be slid axially on the spindle 22, 212 or 312 untilit engages the flange or shoulder 52, 142, 252 or 352. At this juncture,these components are properly assembled and all that remains is theinsertion of the replacement spindle assembly 20, 110, 210 or 310 intothe axle 12, 102 or 202 and the application of appropriate circularwelds 78, 142, 292 or 394 and weld plugs 82, 144, 294 or 396 between thespindle assembly and the vehicle axle.

Referring now to FIG. 12 a fifth embodiment of a replacement spindle andseal ring assembly is designated by the reference number 500. Thereplacement spindle and seal ring assembly 500 includes an elongate,cylindrical spindle 520 and a cylindrical seal ring 550 which fits onand achieves an interference fit with the spindle 520.

At the outset, it should be noted and understood that there are severaldifferences between the fifth embodiment 500 (and a sixth embodiment600) and those four embodiments 20, 100, 200, 300 described supra. Note,for example, in FIGS. 1 and 4 there is a circumferential projection orring (not numbered) on the interior wall of the axles 12 and 102. Thisis an artifact of the spin welded assembly of a terminal portion of theaxle to the main bodies of the axles 12 and 102. In the fifth embodiment500 (and the sixth embodiment 600), a worn or damaged portion of an axle502 has been removed between a brake flange 504 and the spin weldedprojection or ring (not illustrated) such that the projection or ring isalso removed. The end of the axle 502 is then machined or ground to areasonably smooth chamfered surface 508, having an angle of betweenapproximately 20 to 25 degrees to the axis of the axle 502, andpreferably 22.5 degrees.

Additionally, whereas in the first through fourth embodiments 20, 100,200, 300, the interference fit is achieved along essentially the fulllength of the interior of the seal ring 24, 112, 214 and 314, includingthe frusto-conical center region, in the fifth embodiment 500 (and thesixth embodiment 600) the intermediate frusto-conical regions aredefined by discrete oblique steps or shoulders which do not contact.Rather, a shoulder or annulus 548 on the inner end of the spindle 520acts as a positive stop to limit axial travel and positively locate thecylindrical seal ring 550 on the elongate spindle 520.

Accordingly, the elongate spindle 520 defines a first (outer) endportion or region 530 and a second (inner) end portion or region 540.The elongate spindle 520 is preferably, though not necessarily, hollowand defines a through axial opening or passageway 522. Such an openingor passageway 522 is advantageous in that it achieves significant weightreduction relative to a solid spindle. Moreover, if the axle 502 is adrive axle of a tractor, it will necessarily be hollow to receive adrive shaft (not illustrated).

The first end portion or region 530 include male threads 532 at itsterminus, an axially extending keyway 534, a first, outer bearingsurface 536 and an axially spaced apart second, inner bearing surface538. Generally speaking, and as illustrated in FIG. 12, the diameter ofthe outer bearing surface 536 is smaller than the diameter of the innerbearing surface 538. Certain axles, however, have inner and outerbearing surfaces of the same diameter and it should be understood thatthe present invention is equally suitable for use with bothconfigurations.

The second (inner) end portion or region 540 of the spindle 520 extendsand includes, a first smaller diameter region 542 which is the samediameter as the inner bearing surface 538, to a discrete, frusto-conicalstep or shoulder 544. The second (inner) end portion or region 540 thendefines a second, larger diameter region 546 which extends to acircumferential annulus, flange or shoulder 548 at the inner terminus ofthe spindle 520.

The cylindrical seal ring 550 includes an exterior oil seal surface 552and a frusto-conical surface 554 preferably oriented at an angle ofapproximately 22.5 degrees to the axis of the axle 502. The cylindricalseal ring 550 includes a through opening defined by a first, smallerdiameter portion or region 558 proximate the oil seal surface 552, adiscrete, frusto-conical step or shoulder 562 and a second, largerdiameter portion or region 564. The interference fit between the spindle520 and the seal ring 550 is achieved by manufacturing the regions 542and 546 of the spindle 520 to be approximately 0.001 inch to 0.0015 inchper inch of diameter of the spindle 520 larger than the correspondingregions 558 and 564 of the seal ring 550 or vice versa.

Installation is begun by heating the seal ring 550 to several hundreddegrees Fahrenheit and sliding the seal ring onto the spindle 520 untilthe seal ring 550 contacts the annulus or shoulder 548. The assembly isthen inserted into the axle 502 with the surfaces 508 and 554 facing oneanother and the resulting groove is filled with weld material 566.Finally, plug welds 568 are placed through the axle 502 and into theseal ring 550 behind the brake flange 504 preferably at 10:00 o'clockand 2:00 o'clock positions.

Referring now to FIG. 13, a sixth embodiment of a replacement spindleand seal ring assembly is designated by the reference number 600. Thereplacement spindle and seal ring assembly 600 includes an elongate,cylindrical spindle 620 and a cylindrical seal ring 650 which fits onand achieves an interference fit with the spindle 620. Here, the endsurface 608 of the axle 604 is machined or ground to be substantiallyperpendicular to the axis of the axle 604.

The elongate spindle 620 defines a first (outer) end portion or region630 and a second (inner) end portion or region 640. The elongate spindle620 is preferably, though not necessarily, hollow and defines a throughaxial opening or passageway 622.

The first end portion or region 630 include male threads 632 at itsterminus, an axially extending keyway 634, a first, outer bearingsurface 636 and an axially spaced apart second, inner bearing surface638. As noted above, certain axles have inner and outer bearing surfacesof the same diameter and it should be understood that the presentinvention is equally suitable for use with both configurations.

The second (inner) end portion or region 640 of the spindle 620 extendsand includes, a first smaller diameter region 642 which is the samediameter as the inner bearing surface 638, to a discrete, frusto-conicalstep or shoulder 644. The second (inner) end portion or region 640 thendefines a second, larger diameter region 646 which extends to acircumferential annulus, flange or shoulder 648 at the inner terminus ofthe spindle 620.

The cylindrical seal ring 650 includes an exterior oil seal surface 652and a cylindrical body 654 having a constant outside diameter. Thecylindrical seal ring 650 includes a through opening defined by a first,smaller diameter portion or region 658 proximate the oil seal surface652, a discrete, frusto-conical step or shoulder 662 and a second,larger diameter portion or region 664. The interference fit between thespindle 620 and the seal ring 650 is achieved by manufacturing theregions 642 and 646 of the spindle 620 to be approximately 0.001 inch to0.0015 inch per inch of diameter of the spindle 620 larger than thecorresponding regions 658 and 664 of the seal ring 650 or vice versa.With an axle diameter of approximately five inches, a suitableinterference fit will be on the order of 0.004 to 0.007 inches.

Installation is achieved by first heating the seal ring 650 to severalhundred degrees Fahrenheit and sliding the seal ring 650 onto thespindle 620 until the seal ring 650 contacts the annulus or shoulder648. The assembly is then inserted into the axle 602 and a fillet weld666 is placed in the corner formed by the end surface 608 of the axle602 and the outside surface of the seal ring 650. Finally, plug welds668 are placed through the axle 602 and into the seal ring 650 behindthe brake flange 604 preferably at 10:00 o'clock and 2:00 o'clockpositions.

The description of the invention is merely exemplary in nature andvariations that do not depart from the gist of the invention areintended to be within the scope of the invention. Such variations arenot to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. A replacement spindle assembly for a vehicleaxle, comprising, in combination, an elongate, tubular spindle having afirst end portion, a second end portion and a through internalpassageway, said first end portion of said spindle having a firstbearing region adapted to receive a first bearing assembly, a secondbearing region having a diameter, spaced from said first bearing regionand adapted to receive a second bearing assembly, and a threaded regionadjacent said first bearing region having male threads, said second endportion of said spindle defining an end adapted to be received withinthe vehicle axle and having a first region having a diameter equal tosaid diameter of said second region of said first end portion, a secondregion having a diameter larger than said diameter of said first regionand terminating in a flange and a first oblique shoulder between saidfirst and second regions, and a cylindrical seal ring for disposition onsaid elongate, tubular spindle by an interference fit, said seal ringdefining a first, smaller inside diameter and a second, larger insidediameter separated by a second oblique shoulder, both said smaller andsaid larger diameters of said seal ring smaller than respective saidfirst and second regions of said spindle.
 2. The replacement spindleassembly of claim 1 wherein said first end portion of said spindleincludes a keyway in said threads.
 3. The replacement spindle assemblyof claim 1 wherein said through passageway of said spindle is ofconstant diameter.
 4. The replacement spindle assembly of claim 1further including a groove weld between a chamfered surface of an axleand an oblique surface of said cylindrical seal ring.
 5. The replacementspindle assembly of claim 1 wherein said first and second obliqueshoulders are not in contact when said seal ring is slid into contactwith said flange on said second end portion of said spindle.
 6. Thereplacement spindle assembly of claim 1 wherein said cylindrical sealring includes a chamfered surface oriented at an angle of between 20 and25 degrees.
 7. The replacement spindle assembly of claim 1 furtherincluding at least one plug weld disposed in an opening in said axlebetween said axle and said seal ring.
 8. A replacement spindle assemblyfor a vehicle axle, comprising, in combination, a cylindrical spindlehaving a first end portion, a second end portion and an axial throughpassageway, said first end portion of said spindle having an outerbearing surface adapted to receive an outer bearing assembly, an innerbearing surface axially spaced from said outer bearing surface, having adiameter and adapted to receive an inner bearing assembly, and athreaded region adjacent said outer bearing surface having male threads,said second end portion of said spindle defining an end adapted to bereceived within the vehicle axle and having a first region having adiameter equal to said diameter of said second region of said first endportion, a second region having a diameter larger than said diameter ofsaid first region and terminating in a flange and a first obliquesurface between said first and second regions, and a cylindrical ringfor disposition on said cylindrical spindle, said cylindrical ringhaving an external feature and defining a first region of a smallerdiameter, a second region of a larger diameter and a second obliquesurface between said first and second regions of said cylindrical ring,both said first and second regions of said cylindrical ring havingdiameters smaller than said respective first and second regions of saidsecond end portion of said spindle, wherein an interference fit securessaid cylindrical ring to said spindle.
 9. The replacement spindleassembly of claim 8 wherein said external feature of said cylindricalring includes an oil seal surface with a diameter smaller than anoutside diameter of said cylindrical ring.
 10. The replacement spindleassembly of claim 8 wherein said first and second oblique surfaces arenot in contact when said seal ring is slid into contact with said flangeon said second end portion of said spindle.
 11. The replacement spindleassembly of claim 8 wherein said first end portion of said spindleincludes a keyway in said threads.
 12. The replacement spindle assemblyof claim 8 wherein said cylindrical ring includes a frusto-conicalsurface oriented at an angle of between 20 and 25 degrees.
 13. Thereplacement spindle assembly of claim 8 further including at least oneplug weld disposed proximate said second end portion of said spindle andbehind said brake flange and extending through the vehicle axle and intosaid cylindrical ring.
 14. A replacement spindle assembly for a vehicleaxle, comprising, in combination, an elongate spindle having a first endregion, a second end region and a through passageway, said first endregion having an first bearing surface adapted to receive a firstbearing assembly, a second bearing surface spaced from said firstbearing surface and adapted to receive a second bearing assembly, andmale threads adjacent said first bearing surface, said second end regionhaving an end adapted to be received within said vehicle axle and havinga first portion having a diameter equal to said diameter of said secondbearing surface of said first end region, a second portion having adiameter larger than said diameter of said first portion and terminatingin a flange and a first frusto-conical surface between said first andsecond portions of said second end region, and an annular seal ringadapted to be assembled on said spindle by an interference fit, saidannular seal ring having an opening having a first portion of a first,smaller diameter, a second portion of a second, larger diameter and asecond frusto-conical surface between said first and second portions ofsaid opening of said annular ring, whereby both said first and secondportions of said opening of said annular seal ring are smaller than saidrespective first and second portions of said second end region of saidspindle before assembly.
 15. The replacement spindle assembly of claim14 wherein said first and second frusto-conical surfaces are not incontact when said annular seal ring is slid into contact with saidflange on said second end region of said spindle.
 16. The replacementspindle assembly of claim 14 said first end portion of said spindleincludes a keyway in said male threads.
 17. The replacement spindleassembly of claim 14 wherein said exterior feature of said seal ringincludes an oil seal surface having a diameter different from an outsidediameter of said seal ring.
 18. The replacement spindle assembly ofclaim 14 wherein said annular seal ring includes a frusto-conicalsurface oriented at an angle of between 20 and 25 degrees.
 19. Thereplacement spindle assembly of claim 14 further including at least oneplug weld disposed in an opening in said vehicle axle between said axleand said seal ring.